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KMID : 0903619820230020093
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Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science
1982 Volume.23 No. 2 p.93 ~ p.107
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Effect of Light Intensity , Night Temperature and CO2 Concentration on the Growth , Yield and Quality of Glasshouse tomato
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Abstract
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The experimentt was carried out in nine small sized glasshouses from Sept. 1979 to Apr. 1980. to study the effects of light intensity, night temperature and CO₂ concentration on the growth yield and fruit quality of glasshouse tomato.
Light intensity was decreased to 60% by covering black cheesecloth, night temperatures were controlled to 18℃, 13℃ and 8℃ by electric heating and CO₂ concentration was kept to 1,000ppm by application of pure CO₂ gas from cylinders. CO₂ enrichment practiced during four months after planting in glasshouse from 7.00 a.m. to 12.00 is everyday.
1. When the plants were grown under low light intensity, the plant height leaf length and leaf area increased, but stem thickness decreased, especially, at the higher night temperature the plant green lank. By CO₂ enrichment, stem grew thicker, leaf width and fruit petiole length increased, however, leaf area and SLA decreased.
2. Fresh and dry matter weight remarkably increased in the plants grown under higher light intensity and night temperatures. But percentage of dry matter increased in higher intensity and low nignt temperature, decreased in low light intensity and higher night temperatures. When CO₂ enrichment Bras practiced, dry matter weight increased in the all treatment plots, especially, increased in the plants grown under higher light intensity and low night temperature than the other plots.
3. The time of flowering and fruit maturation was earlier in the plants grown under higher night temperatures, but, lated about 3∼4 days by CO₂ enrichment. The percentage of fruit-set was increased by CO₂ enrichment, especially, at the higher light intensity and low night temperature.
4. Total fruit yield was remarkably increased in about 40% by CO₂ enrichment at the plot of high light intensity, and large fruit weight was most increased at the lower night temperature. Early fruit yield was increased in the higher night temperature and decreased in the all treatmental plots by CO₂ enrichment.
5. There were no apparent differences between the all treatmental plots with regard to fruit sugar contents, however, the acid contents were increased with low light intensity.
Fruit sugar and acid contents were decreased in the all treatmental plots by CO₂ enrichment.
The degree of puffiness increased in low light intensity and higher night temperature, however, they, decreased in the all treatmental plots by CO₂ enrichment.
6. The mineral elements contents in tomato leaves were higher in the higher night temperature, however, they, decreased in the all treatmental plots by CO₂ enrichment.
The carbohydrate (total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and starch) contents were evidently influenced by the light intensity. The contents were higher in the low light intensity and lower in the high fight intensity. However, this was remarkably increased in the all treatmental plots by CO₂ enrichment. Especially, physilogical disturbances occurred in the plants grown under the lower night temperatures of the high fight intensity plot. The leaves of plants became thick and twisted, and color turned purple. The degree of the disorder of leaves teas serious under the lower night temperature of the high light intensity by CO₂ enrichment.
It was assumed that this disorder was induced by the abundant accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves as a result of the acceleration of photosynthesis by high light intensity-high CO₂ concentration and inhibition of translocation st the lower night temperature (8℃).
According to the results of the above, it may known that influences of night temperatures on growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato more affected by the differences of light intensity and being practiced the CO₂ enrichment, demanded the higher night temperature than CO₂ non-enrichment.
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